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Friday, December 25, 2009

India beat Sri Lanka at Eden Gardens to clinch series
on December 25th, 2009

gambir

India defeated Sri Lanka by seven wickets in the fourth one-day international (ODI) at the Eden Gardens here Thursday to take an unassailable 3-1 lead in the five match-series.

Young Virat Kohli exploded into maturity and Gautam Gambhir fired in India’s crisis as both cracked tons to propel the hosts to a series-clinching 3-1 lead in the fourth one-day international against Sri Lanka at the Eden Gardens here Thursday.

The 21-year-old Kohli (107) struck his maiden ODI hundred and added 224 runs for the third wicket with Gambhir (150 not out; 14 fours, 137 balls), who returned to form after a six-game lean show, to rescue India after the early departure of big guns Virender Sehwag (10) and Sachin Tendulkar (8).

Replying to an imposing Sri Lankan total of 315 for six at a challenging asking rate of 6.32 per over, India seemed in a spot of bother at 23 for two but the exploits of the duo enabled the side to coast to a seven-wicket victory with 11 balls and seven wickets to spare.

This was the first ever instance of a team successfully chasing a 300-plus total at the sprawling Eden.

The Indians’ superlative batting effort eclipsed a well-made 118 by Sri Lankan opener Upul Tharanga and his 126-run second wicket stand with skipper Kumar Sangakkara.

The promising Kohli, who returned to the Indian team after sitting out in Cuttack, pushed Gambhir to a second fiddle role time and again during the match-winning partnership as he reached his 100 of 110 balls.

The youngster’s only blemish came on 88 when he edged Tillakaratne Dilshan behind the stumps but Kumar Sangakkara failed to hold on to the offering.

A highlight of Kohli’s innings, studded with 11 fours and a six, was the four boundaries he hit in one over of Lasith Malinga that eased the situation for India.

Kohli, who got to his three-figure knock with a single, finally departed to a catch by substitute M. Pushpakumara at long on while trying to loft Suraj Randiv out of the ground.

Gambhir, who had not scored a fifty in his last six innings, got his seventh ODI hundred of 101 balls.

In fact, while Kohli reached his hundred in the fourth delivery of the 38th over, Gambhir followed his young partner to the same landmark a ball later.

At the end, Dinesh Kaarthik remained unbeaten on 19.

Earlier, Suranga Lakmal bowled a great first spell to pick up Sehwag and Tendular in his first two overs.

In the afternoon, Tharanga and Sangakkara capitalised on lapses by butter-fingered Indian fielders to lay a solid foundation for a slog-over assault by the middle order. Ninety eight runs came in the last 10 overs.

Tharanga’s innings, a delightful medley of caution and aggression, saw him complete his seventh ODI hundred in his 86th match, and was embellished with 14 fours and two sixes during a 128-ball stay in the middle.

The Sri Lankans, who fielded a revamped side in the crucial day-night match bringing in four replacements – the veteran Sanath Jayasuriya, debutant Thissara Perera, Lakmal and Thilan Samaraweera, set India an asking rate of 6.32 runs per over.

Debutant Thissara (31 runs off 14 balls; 4×4, 1×6) played a cameo in the end as Sri Lanka posted the highest total at the Eden Gardens, erasing their own mark of 309 scored against Pakistan in 1997.

Tharanga survived a caught behind appeal early off Nehra and later benefited from a missed caught and bowled effort by the lanky pacer while on 7, before opening up with some deftly executed strokes.

Dilshan (9) was the first to depart as he tried to pull a short delivery from Nehra and Kohli, replacing the injured Yuvraj Singh in the playing eleven, ran from the backward square to take a diving catch.

Tharanga,24, was particularly savage on a lacklustre Ishant Sharma in the latter’s first over, picking up as many as 20 runs — all with boundaries.

It was a delightful exhibition of well-timed cuts and cover drives besides an edge giving the visitors their most productive over.

The veteran Sanath Jayasuriya (15), returning to the side after having to sit out two games, also started on an aggressive note with two fours off Nehra to get off the mark, but his innings lasted only 15 balls.

Sangakkara, who got a ‘life’ even before opening his account when Harbhajan Singh misjudged a skier at thirdman off Sharma, finally returned after a 72-ball essay that included five hits to the fence.

Thursday, December 24, 2009

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Sri Lanka in India Test Series, Nov-Dec 2009
Result India 2-0 (3)
Pakistan in New Zealand Test Series, Nov-Dec 2009
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The Frank Worrell Trophy, Nov-Dec 2009 (West Indies in Australia)
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Basil D'Oliveira Trophy, Dec 2009 - Jan 2010 (England in South Africa)
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Pakistan v New Zealand ODI Series, Nov 2009 (in United Arab Emirates)
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Faithwear Metbank One-Day Competition, Sep 2009 - Jan 2010
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United Arab Emirates in Namibia unofficial ODI Series, Dec 2009
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West Indies Women in South Africa ODI Series, Oct 2009 (South Africa Women, West Indies Women in South Africa)
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Rose Bowl, Feb 2010 (Australia Women, New Zealand Women in Australia)
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KSCA All India Invitation Tournament, Aug 2009
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England Under-19s in Bangladesh Youth Test Match, Oct 2009
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Pakistan Under-19s in Zimbabwe Youth ODI Series, Oct 2009
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England Under-19s in Bangladesh Youth ODI Series, Oct-Nov 2009
Result Bangladesh Under-19s 5-2 (7)
Zimbabwe Under-19s in Bangladesh Youth ODI Series, Nov 2009
Result Bangladesh Under-19s 5-0 (5)
Tri-Nation Under-19s Tournament in Sri Lanka, Nov-Dec 2009
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Tri-Nation Under-19s Tournament in South Africa, Dec 2009 - Jan 2010
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Youth Twenty20 Internationals

Pakistan Under-19s in Zimbabwe Youth T20I Series, Oct 2009
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ICC Under-19 World Cup Warm Up Match, Jan 2010

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New Zealand A tour of India, Aug 2009

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Otago tour of Australia, Sep-Oct 2009

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England Performance Programme tour of South Africa, Nov-Dec 2009

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Uganda tour of Kenya, Dec 2009 - Feb 2010

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India Under-19s tour of South Africa, Dec 2009 - Jan 2010

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India tour of Bangladesh, Jan 2010

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England tour of South Africa [September 2009], Sep-Oct 2009

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Eagles tour of India, Oct 2009

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New Zealand tour of United Arab Emirates, Nov 2009

Pakistan tour of United Arab Emirates [November 2009], Nov 2009

Afghanistan tour of United Arab Emirates, Nov 2009

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China tour of United Arab Emirates, Nov 2009

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Nepal tour of United Arab Emirates, Nov 2009

Oman tour of United Arab Emirates, Nov 2009

Qatar tour of United Arab Emirates, Nov 2009

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Bangladesh Under-19s tour of Sri Lanka, Nov-Dec 2009

England Masters tour of West Indies, Nov-Dec 2009

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Shane Bond quits Test cricket

Cricinfo staff

December 23, 2009

Comments: 37 | Text size: A | A

Shane Bond marked his return to Test cricket with a five-for, New  Zealand v Pakistan, 1st Test, Dunedin, 4th day, November 27, 2009
Shane Bond: "Unfortunately my body just won't let me continue to play at that level, given the workload and demands of Test cricket" © Getty Images

New Zealand fast bowler Shane Bond has announced his retirement from Test cricket due to a recurring battle with injury. He will continue to represent his country in one-dayers and Twenty20s.

Bond, 34, revived his international career earlier this year after quitting the unofficial Indian Cricket League. He made a comeback to the limited-overs side during the tour of Sri Lanka, before working his way back to the Test squad. Following a match-winning performance in the first Test against Pakistan in Dunedin, he was forced to withdraw from the two remaining games after tearing an abdominal muscle. The injury setback - the latest in a career punctuated by back, feet and soft tissue problems - left him disappointed, prompting him to reassess his future as a Test player.

"The hardest thing is that I've always considered myself a Test bowler - and it was such a great feeling to be back in the team last month and playing Test match cricket with the Blackcaps," Bond said.

"I've worked really hard to get back to Test match fitness - it's what I've been working towards for the past two years - and I feel I gave as much as I could. But looking back, so many of my injuries have come during Test cricket. Unfortunately my body just won't let me continue to play at that level, given the workload and demands of Test cricket.

"I don't want to end on an injury and I am absolutely committed to playing for the Blackcaps. This way I hope I've got a better chance of continuing to play. I hope I'll be able to continue to contribute to the team and to New Zealand cricket fans for a while yet.

"It's been a tough call, because Test cricket remains the ultimate form of the game - but I'm comfortable I've made the right choice."

Bond said he is targeting the one-dayers against Australia starting February for his comeback. He added that he would start playing club cricket in January before representing Canterbury in one-day games the following month.

Justin Vaughan, the CEO of New Zealand Cricket, sympathised with Bond's decision.

"Shane really showed his never-say-die attitude in his comeback this season, especially in the Test Match against Pakistan - and I know how tough this decision has been for him," Vaughan said. "Of course we're disappointed that he won't be part of the Test line-up, but New Zealand Cricket supports his decision to focus on limited-overs cricket and hopes that this decision will prolong his international career.

"He remains one of the best fast bowlers in the international game and we're delighted that he's doing all he can to keep playing."

One of the fastest bowlers in world cricket since the 2000s, Bond has the distinction of being the quickest New Zealander to 50 wickets in Tests and ODIs. However, since his debut in 2001, he has managed to play only 18 Tests, taking 87 wickets, and 77 ODIs. Stress-fractures to his feet and back forced him to miss numerous games and tours, including the 2004 series in England. After a successful tour of Zimbabwe in 2005, a knee injury ruled him out for nine months. He joined the ICL in 2007, had his New Zealand Cricket contract terminated, but was readmitted to the international ranks earlier this year when the Twenty20 league offered amnesty to its players.

He ends his Test career regarded by many as New Zealand's best fast bowler since Sir Richard Hadlee.

Sehwag urges youngsters to grab opportunities

Cricinfo staff

December 23, 2009

Text size: A | A

Yuvraj Singh and Virat Kohli go through the fielding drill,  Vadodara, October 24, 2009
In Yuvraj Singh's absence, Virat Kohli has another shot to impress as India test their bench strength © AFP

Virender Sehwag, standing in as captain for MS Dhoni for one more ODI, is hoping his more inexperienced players pull their weight in the absence of two proven matchwinners. With Dhoni missing, and Yuvraj Singh injured, Sehwag has urged the new generation of players in the squad to take advantage of India's predicament in an attempt to test out the resources with an eye on the 2011 World Cup.

"When the series is going on the team has to play the matches, irrespective of who is in or out. Definitely, we will miss their services but we have to look at our other options," he said in Kolkata. "The youngsters are getting an opportunity to play for their country and if they do well and make a mark it's good for the team as well. The bench strength will get stronger and stronger."

"With [the] 2011 World Cup coming up, if players like Virat Kohli and Rohit Sharma get [an] opportunity to play and get runs, our bench strength improves."

Dinesh Karthik kept wicket in Cuttack and will get another shot to do so in tomorrow's game, with Dhoni due back after serving a two-match ban for slow over rates in Nagpur. Bengal's Manoj Tiwary has been called into the squad as a reserve player for the fourth ODI. Yuvraj is also in doubt for next month's Bangladesh tri-series, and Rohit is a strong candidate following his triple-century for Mumbai during the Ranji Trophy last season. Kohli, who stepped in for Yuvraj in the first two ODIs against Sri Lanka and scored 54 in the second, was termed a "truly special player" by Sehwag.

"He had played very well in the Champions Trophy," he said. "Hopefully he will become a star of the future. We are all looking forward to him."

Trevor Bayliss, Sri Lanka's coach, has urged his squad's batsmen to step up as the visitors aim to cash in on Dhoni and Yuvraj's absence. "In the last game, probably for the first time in the series, we did not bat well. We did not score enough runs," he said. "If we had scored in an excess of 300, which we we were looking at one stage of the match, we would have had a fair chance of winning that match.

"So we have to get back to scoring runs so that we can put pressure on the opposition. It does not matter what team you are. If you are under pressure, you will lose wickets. Good sides make their own luck. I don't think there would be any different."

India lead 2-1 with two games to go and a win at the Eden Gardens will seal the contest their way.

Sri Lanka see opportunity in India's injuries

The Preview by Jamie Alter

December 23, 2009

Text size: A | A

Match facts


Thursday, December 24
Start time 14:30 (09:00 GMT)


Yuvraj Singh cuts loose at the nets under the watchful eyes of  Mahendra Singh Dhoni, Chennai, December 9, 2008
The absence of Yuvraj Singh and MS Dhoni gives the injury-hit visitors a chance to draw level in Kolkata © AFP
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Big Picture

The 2-1 scoreline is not unexpected given the way India have pushed Sri Lanka to the brink in all but one game - a Twenty20 - played in the limited-overs leg of the tour. But now, with the home team missing two match-winners, a hurting Sri Lanka have a realistic chance of leveling the series.

This will be the first time since MS Dhoni's debut in 2004 that India play an ODI without him and Yuvraj Singh. Dhoni has often said that missing Yuvraj is a big blow, so how India cope with the loss of their captain and best batsman in ODIs in addition to Yuvraj will be crucial.

The tour has seen so many players succumbing to injuries it's a surprise the rest have managed to get so far. Sri Lanka have lost the services of Thilan Thushara, Muttiah Muralitharan, Dilhara Fernando and Angelo Mathews. Nuwan Kulasekara missed the Tests but returned for the shorter versions. Yuvraj had a recurrence of his finger injury and has been indefinitely ruled out. Sreesanth is yet to feature after getting the flu, while Lasith Malinga overcame it in time for the last game. Thankfully, Tillakaratne Dilshan and Virender Sehwag overcame minor scares.

But there is always fear - especially among bowlers - of another injury around the corner. Three of them have shouldered the burden of carrying their respective attacks: for the hosts, the experienced duo of Harbhajan Singh (187.2 overs bowled so far) and comeback man Zaheer Khan (131) are in need of breaks. On the other hand, Sri Lanka thrust the rookie Chanaka Welegedara (126 overs) into the forefront on his first major series and he will be longing for a breather at the business end of a testing tour. This is the start of another busy season for India and there isn't much time to think ahead. Wrapping up the series in Kolkata will allow India to rest weary players ahead of the Bangladesh tour starting January 4. Sri Lanka also feature in the tri-series that kicks off that tour but, needing to win both their remaining matches in India, cannot afford the luxury of rotation.

The pitch, one that's expected to play slow and low in the latter half, will favour India's spinners who found rhythm and confidence in Cuttack. Chilly temperatures, the dew factor and a slow-paced track mean that the bowlers will need to produce another special performance. With bitter cold and early morning fog expected to have a telling impact in Delhi, the venue for the fifth match, India will be keen to wrap up the series here.

Tuesday, December 22, 2009

Duke Energy to Spend $93 Million to Resolve Clean Air Act Violations

Emissions to be slashed by more than 35,000 tons of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides annually

WASHINGTON – Duke Energy, one of the largest electric power companies in the nation, will spend approximately $85 million to significantly reduce harmful air pollution at an Indiana power plant and pay a $1.75 million civil penalty, under a settlement to resolve violations of federal clean air laws, the Justice Department and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) announced today. The settlement also requires Duke to spend $6.25 million on environmental mitigation projects.

The agreement, filed in federal court in Indianapolis, resolves violations of the Clean Air Act’s new source review requirements found at the company’s Gallagher coal-fired power plant in New Albany, Ind., located directly across the Ohio River from Louisville, Ky.

The settlement is anticipated to reduce sulfur dioxide emissions at the Gallagher Plant by almost 35,000 tons per year, an 86 percent reduction when compared to 2008 emissions. This is equivalent to the emissions from 500,000 heavy duty semi trucks, which is more than all of the trucks registered in Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, and Ohio combined. Sulfur dioxide harms the environment and human health.

Duke is required to spend $6.25 million on environmental mitigation projects, including $250,000 for the U.S. Forest Service to address acid rain in downwind national forests, $5 million for one or more additional projects such as conversion to hydro generation or hybrid vehicle fleets, and $1 million for environmental mitigation projects to be allocated among the states that joined the settlement.

“Coal-fired power plants are big contributors to air pollution, which is why we need to make sure they comply with the law,” said Cynthia Giles, assistant administrator for EPA’s Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance. “As a result of this enforcement action, Duke will make large cuts in air pollution, which means cleaner air and better health for the millions of people living in communities downwind of this plant.”

“This important settlement resolves lengthy litigation on very favorable terms,” said Ignacia S. Moreno, Assistant Attorney General for the Justice Department’s Environment and Natural Resources Division. “The settlement will achieve substantial emission reductions through the use of natural gas and other control measures, and it includes important steps to mitigate the negative impact from past illegal emissions as well as a significant civil penalty. The Justice Department will continue to vigorously enforce the Clean Air Act to ensure that the electric utility industry complies with laws designed to protect human health and the environment.”

As a result of a lawsuit filed 1999, Duke went to trial in May 2009 for related violations. At that time, an Indianapolis jury found that Duke violated the Clean Air Act by failing to obtain required permits and pollution controls before making modifications to Gallagher Units 1 and 3 that caused significant increases in sulfur dioxide. The trial to determine the appropriate remedy for the violations resolved by the settlement had been scheduled to begin on January 25, 2010.

The settlement requires Duke to either repower Units 1 and 3 at Gallagher with natural gas or shut them down to remove all sulfur dioxide pollution. This natural gas repowering will also reduce other air pollutants, including nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, mercury, and carbon dioxide. The combined nitrogen oxide emissions from Units 1 and 3 are expected to decrease by about 2,198 tons per year as compared to 2008 emissions. By using natural gas rather than coal, Duke will eliminate emissions of particulate matter and mercury from the units. The switch from coal to natural gas will also decrease these units’ carbon dioxide emissions by roughly half per unit of electricity.

The settlement also requires that Duke install new pollution controls for sulfur dioxide at the other two units at the plant, Units 2 and 4. The work and projects that are required by the settlement will, when fully implemented, result in substantial improvements to the air quality for the communities that are the most heavily impacted by the Gallagher Plant’s emissions.

This is the 17th settlement secured by EPA and DOJ as part of a national enforcement initiative to control harmful emissions from coal-fired power plants under the Clean Air Act’s New Source Review requirements. The total combined sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides emission reductions secured from these settlements will exceed nearly 2 million tons each year once all the required pollution controls have been installed and implemented.

Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can cause severe harm to human health and the environment. After being emitted from power plants, these pollutants are converted to fine particles of particulate matter that can lodge deep in the lungs, causing a variety of health impacts including premature death. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are also significant contributors to acid rain, smog, and haze, which impair visibility in national parks. Air pollution from power plants can travel significant distances downwind, crossing state lines and creating region-wide health problems.

The states of New York, New Jersey and Connecticut, as well as the Hoosier Environmental Council and the Ohio Environmental Council joined the federal government in today’s settlement.

Duke Energy, which is based in Charlotte, N.C., supplies and delivers energy to approximately 4 million customers in the Midwest and the Carolinas.

The proposed settlement was lodged in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Indiana and is subject to a 30-day public comment period.

More information:

http://www.epa.gov/compliance/resources/cases/civil/caa/dukeenergy.html

Avatar: Film Review


So how's the future of cinema shaping up?

Ummm...

Don't have a concrete answer for you. But I will say this. It's a lot more shapely today than it was yesterday.

Watching Avatar felt like the first time you had ice cream. Or the first time you tasted cherry coke. There were times where I had to scoot back and go, "Where the fuck am I? What the hell is going on?" Whatever my final opinion of the film was - and I'll be honest with you, I'm still not sure - there's no questioning the fact that this theater visit was a completely new experience. And how often do you go to the movies and feel something new these days? Not that often.

THE STORY

People were calling this Dances with Smurfs, or whatever clever name they were coming up with. The point was, this was supposedly the exact same story as Dances With Wolves. Well good for me because I never saw Dances With Wolves (I will never EVER see a 3 hour movie with Kevin Costner in it. Ever.). So I didn't have to worry about wolves or dancing. Instead, I got to watch what was, for me, a unique story unfold. Using clones of the creatures they were trying to excavate in order to understand the natives better definitely felt a little "90s" in its conception (not surprising since Cameron came up with this idea back in 93 I believe) but once we kicked into gear, I really liked it. I was actually so into it - and by "it," I mean Pandora - that I started getting aggravated every time we'd wake up back at the Marine base. Being with the Na'vi was way more interesting, so I wished we could've stayed there the whole time. This brought up one of my big complaints with the film. Which is that basically there were only two locations. The marine base and the forest. Despite the grandiosity of the film, I actually felt like it was quite localized because of this. Cold hard steel or lush green forest. Wished there had been a way to mix it up more. But as for the love story - the key to the film - I thought Cameron did an amazing job. The guy gets knocked as a writer but that's because most people focus on his occasionally clumsy dialogue. He actually understands structure and emotion better than most writers out there. He knows when you can slow down the script for ten minutes to just focus on your two main characters. Many writers/directors screw that up.

THE CGI NA'VI

The CGI was definitely a weakness for the film. I bet if you cornered Cameron he would even admit so. From the very first moment when Worthington's avatar gets up and starts walking around, the movements didn't look natural, and the skin looked cartooney. Then when he runs outside, the movements looked even more unnatural. There were shots here and there where the creatures looked real, but for the most part they didn't, and it did take me out of the film several times. The good news is that the Zoe what's her name's performance (the main female Na'vi) was really good. She totally convinced me that her character was real and thank God she did because let's be honest : Sam Worthington is about as average as they come. From his monotone delivery to the strain you hear in the back of his throat anytime he's forced to emote, he is barely serviceable as an actor (and gets by by the nick of his skin here).

THE WORLD AND THE MYTHOLOGY

This is where Cameron became not just the king of our world, but of Pandora's. He obviously put a lot of thought into this and I absolutely loved the idea of a connection between the people and the animals and the earth. The trilly connector things that everyone had was such a perfect visual way to sell this point. From how you connected to the animals, to how you connected with the plants...it just felt obvious. So much so that when that fucking tree got shot down, I actually *felt sadness* *for a tree!!!* But what this ultimately did, was it made the love for these two feel bigger than ever. You felt a love not only between them, but between them, the rest of their people, the animals, the planet, everything. This was set up just right in the beginning, when the Zoe Na'vi gets mad at Worthington for having to kill a bunch of animals to save him. Cameron took such a gamble here with how far out he went, betting the house you'd come with him, you just have to admire him for it. I mean, if it didn't work, it would've been a spectacular failure. We haven't seen someone take that kind of chance in sci-fi since the original Star Wars.

3-D

Three-dee. I came into this about as skeptical as one could possibly be regarding the technology that's supposedly going to save the movie industry. I left feeling mixed about it. Here's the thing, when the first 3-D stuff starts hitting you, it's really cool. It's not perfect because there's a lack of sharpness due to the way the glasses work. But it was definitely a new experience. However, once you start getting into the movie, the eyes do what they're trained to do, which is to adjust. Once they adjust, it's like you're not watching 3-D anymore. What I mean is, you never go, "Ooooh, that's such cool 3-D!" It's just another set of moving images. I think part of the problem is that Cameron so obviously didn't want to go for any cheap 3-D moments, that the use of the technology almost didn't seem necessary. In the end, I didn't say, "I have to go see another 3-D movie." I did say, "That was neat. But unless another big time director is making a 3-D film, I ain't paying for the 3-D version."

END BATTLE

I wish nobody had told me that the ending 30 minute battle was so amazing, because I went into it expecting to see shit I've never seen before in my life. Instead, I saw a finale that wasn't even the best sci-fi finale of the year (that distinction goes to District 9). I'm still kinda torn about it, because I wanted to like it so bad. But there wasn't even a single "money shot" in that final battle, like, say, when the mech machine catches the missile in D9. And even though I just propped up Cameron's writing skills, he definitely got lazy here. The vague indication that destroying the sacred tree would somehow end the war felt thin to me. I wish he would've tried a little harder.

FINAL VERDICT

But despite my problems and misgivings, Avatar is undeniably an experience that stays with you. The sum of its faulty parts is a groundbreaking whole, and I can't help but feel like I just saw what a real alien world looked like. I took a trip to Pandora, and it was awesome.

[x] impressive

What I learned: There are some things you can't write. No matter how hard you try there are simply moments that are impossible to convey on the page. There's a moment in Avatar where Worthington's Avatar and the female Avatar are flying on these dragon things for the first time, dipping and diving in and around trees and mountains and they're glancing at each other, smiling, and the music's swelling, and it's this shared experienced between them, and between the filmmaker and the audience, that I can't imagine anybody being able to convey on paper. It's just so unique to the medium of film. Comment...